Detergent composition



Patented July 2, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

rAnmne'roN nANiaLs,

DETERGENT Ho Drawing.

phosphates I include the phosphates of the .various members of thealkali metal series including ammonium and substituted ammoniumderivatives); for example, the diand tri-substituted phosphates ofsodium, potassium, ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, and the like; andalso the mixed phosphates, such as ammonium sodium hydrogen phosphate,sodium potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium ammonium hydrogenphosphate, sodium potassium ammonium phosphate and the like. I prefer toemploy the di-sodium or tri.-sodium phosphates. i

The oily vehicle with which I admix the alkaline alkali metal phosphatecompound is one which preferably 'includesa fatty acid compound such asa fatty acid, or an ester of afatty acid although the detergent actionof the composition may be secured without the presence of suehacompound. The vehicle also includes an oily substance capablepf mixingwith ordinary grease or oil, as normally present in dirt to be removedby such detergent compositions. Thus I may employ ordinary fatty oilsderived from animal,

or vegetable sources, in which the oily vehicle inhcrently-includes thefatty acid compound. I may likewise employ hydrocarbon oils in the 'oilyvehicle, either alone or with a fatty acid compound.

The precise proportions in which the constituents of the detergentmixture are mixed is not material. In general I-prefer that theproportion of the solid phosphate constituent shall be suchas to producea pasty mass, which, for example, may be a fairly stiff paste if it isdesired to dispense the product in the form of a mechanic soap or pastein cans, or may be a somewhat more fluid paste if it is de-' OF MADISON,WISCONSIN.

COMPOSITION.

Application filed October 16, 1925. Serial No. 62,937.

sired to dispense the product in tubes. A suitable mixture, for example,is one containing to parts of the solid phosphate in; granulated orfinely powdered form and 20 to 30 parts by weight of the oilyconstituent.

These proportions may be widely varied, according to the nature of theconstituent and the consistency desired, My preferred mixure is onecontaining tri-sodium phosphate and an oil such as cottonseed oil, oliveoil, or corn oil. The mixture may be moderately unnecessary. a Inpreparing the mixture I may also add a small proportion, say 1 to 5% ofpalm oil, which appears to stabilize the composition, tending to preventseparation of its constituents. Thus a suitable specific mixture is 50parts tri-sodium phosphate; 30 parts cottonseed oil and-1 part palm oil.

No substantial chemical reaction takes place; in fact, in general nochemical re action is detectable except, perha s, on long standing ofthe composition. 11 use, the mixture ispreferably employed as adetergentcomposition, for example, by thoroughly rubbing itupon or into the partsto be cleansed with a minimum amount of water and subsequently removingthe composition by rinsing with more water. It is believed that, in theinitial'application of the detergent composition, in which small amountsof water are present, a sufiicient saponification of fats or oilspresent in the composition itself or in the dirt to be removed occurstoproduce an emulsifying agent and permits the formation of a wa'terandoil emulsion, the oily portion of the vehicle of the 'compositioncausing it to thoroughly interpenetrate the dirt particles. Insubsequent rinsing an oil-in-water emul sion is formed, which is readilyremoved by water. I have found that,'in the use of such compositionsupon the skin, the natural oils of the skin are protected from theaction of I lutionof phosphate and the strong alkaline there isuniformly eft athin, imperceptible oil film which prevents ping of theskin. I claim:

heated, if desired, although such heating is drying out and chap- 1. Adetergent composition comprising an alkaline alkali metal phosphate andan oily fatty oil and trisodium phosphate dispersed 1 vehicle includinga fatty acid compound of therein and substantially free of soaps. theclass consisting of the fatty acids and 4. A detergent compositioncomprising 50 their glycerides, said composition being sub.- to 60 partsof trisodium phosphate and about 5 stantially free of soaps. to parts ofa vegetable oil, said compo- 2. A detergent composition comprisingsition containing a minor proportion of palm 15 to parts of tri-sodiumphosphate and about oil. 20 to 30 parts of a vegetable oil.

3. A detergent composition consisting of FARRINGTON DANIELS.

